[22] The Getty Museum is involved in a controversy regarding proper title to some of the artwork in its collection. Art historians use formal analysis to improve their understanding of a work of art. Analysis (any type) Writer's choice. But the Getty vowed today (4 . Startseite; Die Bckerei. Juni 2022; Beitrags-Kategorie: chances of getting cancer in 20s reddit Beitrags-Kommentare: joshua taylor bollinger county mo joshua taylor bollinger county mo In this letter Hoving stated: As I made clear in our conversations, (that you had previously heard by telephone) the conclusion of this purchase by Mr. Getty is subject to examination and approval of the Council of the Metropolitan Museum and of Mr. Gettys Legal Advisor, in relation to certain legal issues that may require qualifications or certifications . In 1967 Luigi Salerno was appointed to be the director of the Fondazione della Calcografia Nazionale. 15 of 1972. (It. The clearest indications that the statues left arm originally held a victors palm branch come from a Roman wall painting (fig. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: 14. On the very same day the public prosecutor of Pesaro formally requested that the statue be confiscated as it was unlawfully exported out of Italy, giving rise to a dispute that came to the Constitutional Court. Post author By ; Post date university of mississippi notable alumni; appliance liquidation rojas el paso, tx on statue of a victorious youth formal analysis on statue of a victorious youth formal analysis But rest assured, we will continue to assert our right to keep the Victorious Youth in its home at the Villa, where it is on display and in our care. She was glad to not have to travel anymore. 4 = - received A - total PL - materials KN - action - properties - experiences - notice - seeing - wife ! There is no physical evidence to support the conclusion that Lysippos was the sculptor, but Frel, Mattusch, and ancient literary source Pliny, theorizes that Lysippos or his student was the Youth's creator. He had been an adventurer in his youth. The entire sculpture was cast in one piece; this casting technique is called the lost wax method; the sculpture was first created in clay with support to allow hot air to melt the wax creating a mold for molten bronze to be poured into, making a large bronze Victorious Youth. Tristano Tonnini, a lawyer for Le Cento Citt, an association leading the fight for the statues return, said he was convinced that the Getty museum of always knew it was buying a smuggled and illegally exported artefact. The court denied the Gettys requests to make the proceedings open to the press and the public, and refused to allow the Getty to challenge certain procedural aspects of the case related to administrative forfeitures. The victors received wreaths of different leaves depending on the site location; laurel at Delphi, olive at Olympia, pine at Isthmia, and wild celery at Nemea. Location Created: Greece Physical. Open daily at limited capacity, 10-5pm, closed on Mondays. The statue then changed hands several times before being bought by the Getty. The huge, roaring monster with multiple heads, taller than two houses, able to snap up a horse and rider in a single bite, did not faze him. Join our mailing list to get periodic updates on ARCA art and heritage crime conferences and ARCA professional development courses. 5.1 Public art listed by artist. [3] Therefore, this Olympic statue might have been dedicated anywhere within the ancient Greek world rather than Delphi or Olympia. One of the Pesaro Courts bases for ordering the forfeiture is the theory that ships under the Italian flag (like the fishing boat that found the statue in 1964) are the equivalent of Italian territory. ), 32 (nautical) miles out from the Italian coast. The captain of the vessel was Romeo Pirani, the owner of the vessel was Guido Ferri. Rather than declare the statues discovery to customs officials as required under Italys law, the fishermen elected to hide the bronze from state authorities and to profit from its illegal sale. The Victorious Youth, Getty Bronze, also known as Atleta di Fano, or Lisippo di Fano is a Greek bronze sculpture, made between 300 and 100 BC,[1] in the collections of the J. Paul Getty Museum, Pacific Palisades, California. By December 1, 2021 where was you're so vain video filmed December 1, 2021 where was you're so vain video filmed Negotiations continued into 1973, with Mr. Getty repeatedly offering lower prices. for example, language, formal features, or use of myth. As stated above, the Court of Cassation annulled the Appellate Court sentence in May 1968 and ordered the case reheard in a new trial. Posted by: Category: Uncategorized . Amenhotep Akheprure II, Pharaoh of Egypt (c.-1468 - c lost, and valor earned, but there is an arguably more powerful spoil of war that is rarely discussed: the right to write the story. Expressions of thanks or praise should be sent directly to the reviewer, using the email address in the review. Also the memory or capabilities of those making statements has also drawn questions as to abilities and motivations as we have pointed out, a few miles from the Fano coast, within Italian territorial waters. Details Title: Victorious Youth Date Created: 300 - 100 B.C. live music port clinton ohio; colleges that allow freshmen to live off campus Greek, 300-100 statuettes.24 Greek portrait statuary b.c.e., bronze with inlaid copper. On May 3, 2012 Maurizio Di Palma, the Pre-Trial judge at the Tribunal of Pesaro, once again upheld the earlier 2010 order of forfeiture and confirmed that the statue was illegally exported from Italy. This forced the conspirators to again relocate the bronze, from under the stairs in the churchs room for vestments, to the priests own bathtub. The ship carrying it may have foundered, preserving the statue for centuries in the sea. The stalemate led to a breakdown in the negotiations--until recently. rdr2 kieran fishing mission disappeared; reggie lewis son basketball. These games included footraces, combat sports, pentathlon, horse racing, and chariot racing. Tiny timeline: ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in a global context, 5th3rd millennia B.C.E. In 1966 these four accomplices were formally charged with purchasing and concealing stolen property in violation of, Article 67 of Italian law n. 1089 of 1939. Bronze statue sometimes attributed to Greek sculptor Lysippos, Other well-known underwater bronze finds have been retrieved, generally from. At the very least, assigning a post-Classical date to the Getty statue makes an identification as a Hellenistic royal portrait possible. [14] Claims state there are actual traces of palm after studying the statue. rockport ma police log. Getty Villa 17985 Pacific Coast Highway, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272. First, the statue went into an artificial humidity chamber, exposing bronze disease. Fahrverkauf Ingolstadt; Preise The Getty appealed to the Court of Cassation. Athena, however, came out of Zeus's head, taking away from the one major power that women had. (This letter is part of Annex 10 of the defense evidentiary documents of December 21, 2009). German authorities terminated the investigation in April 1974 for lack of evidence of wrongdoing. This series of hearings eventually concluded on February 5, 2018. Since 1984, the Getty Museum has lent more than 130 paintings, sculptures, drawings, photographs, and other works of art to over 50 different institutions in Italy. Using the Gettys logic, I am curious how the museum would classify the presence and ownership of Greek made vases found on Italian soil, like the Euphronios Krater, which was looted from an Etruscan necropolis west of Rome? While taking many months to conclude, on May 23, 1978, the Central Office for Environmental, Architectural, Archaeological, Artistic and Historical Heritage of the Ministry for Cultural and Environmental Heritage reported that no license of export, for the bronze statue, had ever been issued by the Italian authorities. In turn, each of these convictions were then also appealed, this time by the defendants, to the court of final resort, Italys Supreme Court, known as the Court of Cassation. In 1974, a prosecutor in Gubbio, Italy, sought an investigation of Herzer in connection with the statue. The sculpture was found in the summer of 1964 in the sea off Fano on the Adriatic coast of Italy, snagged in the nets of an Italian fishing trawler, the Ferri Ferruccio. Additionally the United States National Stolen Property Act of 1934 (NSPA) (18 U.S.C. As a result of this court decision, the tribunal issued an order for the statues immediate seizure and restitution to Italy. It was created sometime between the 4th and 2nd Century B.C. Now much debate and research is specific to anatomy, its date and authorship; but with the uncertainties of stylistic assessments its difficult to reach a consensus. Like a smoking gun without a corpse, without the whereabouts of the missing bronze statue, the court was left with insufficient evidence to determine if the underlying crime, that the bronze was of historical and artistic value, was in fact true, without that, they could neither prove which governing territory the antiquity had been found. ARCA does not share or sell this information to anyone. During the fourth century B.C., Lysippos produced a multitude of sculptures; he alone probably sculpted fifteen hundred statues. Some accounts state that Pietro Barbetti was the individual who removed the statue from the priests home and who later sold it on to an unidentified individual in Milan. Fill the order form with your assignment instructions ensuring all important information about your order is included. The Statue was created in Greece, possibly by Alexander the Great's Court Sculptor Lysippos, but it may have been sculpted by another. The Getty believes strongly that it acquired the statue legally, and will continue to fight for its legal right to the Victorious Youth. The disease occurs when chlorides and salts in the bronze react with moisture producing discolored spots. www.boxingaddictions.net > Blog > Uncategorized > statue of a victorious youth formal analysis. Show all. ', '$.027', '$.03', '$.054/mbf', '$.07', '$.07/cwt', '$.076', '$.09', '$.10-a-minute', '$.105', '$.12', '$.30', '$.30/mbf', '$.50', '$.65', '$.75 . It was then later recognized in 1969 as the cause of illness in Congo, thus resulting in the current name of the disease. as relayed by the testimony given by Renato Merli, an Imola merchant, on November 26, 1977 to the Italian Carabinieri. Notwithstanding this decision, the prosecutor improperly sought a forfeiture order from a different judge in a different part of the same court (called the court of execution because it is a judicial body that under Italian law serves to execute decisions by the court). as written by Judge Lorena Mussoni, preliminary investigation judge at the Tribunal of Pesaro, in her July 2007 order for confiscation of the bronze statue, which she based upon a statement made by the head of the fishing vessel. On June 25, 1973 Hoving hand-delivered a letter to David Carritt, the negotiator designated by Artemis for the potential sale informing the firm that he had been authorized by John Paul Getty to offer the sum of $ 3.8 million for the purchase of the bronze. Recently, the Ministry succeeded in having the Court of Cassation reverse its earlier ruling and uphold an Italian Order of Forfeiture. The statue has been roughly broken off its former base, breaking away at the ankles. The New Art Investors (Celebrity Musicians) We can identify an ancient portrait. The disease was first characterized in Crimea in 1944 and given the name Crimean hemorrhagic fever. This beautifully presented paperback constitutes the first volume in this series to treat an ancient work of art, but Mattusch must intend to contrast her study not with the rest of this series, but with the 1978 Getty publication on the very same statue [Jiri Frel, The Getty Bronze ]. Startseite > Uncategorized > statue of a victorious youth analysis. 40 (nautical) miles out from the Italian coast, as told by Romeo Pirani to an Italian reporter for the Italian news publication Il Tirreno on November 20, 2007, 37/38 miles from the port of Ancona, and 24/25 miles from Fano, . Just another site statue of a victorious youth formal analysischronicles of kerrigan book 13. statue of a victorious youth formal analysis. At Olympia, these games were categorized for men, youth and boys. In the end, this short and accessible monograph will make Carol Mattuschs work on the production of ancient bronze sculpture available to an audience outside the field of Classical archaeology, and that may accomplish more than a traditional study of the Getty bronze could have. The scholars cited by Mattusch in the endnotes have already reached the consensus that the Getty statue is a Lysippos-inspired athletic victor who could date anywhere from the late 4th through the 2nd century B.C.E. You can unsubscribe from this list at any time via the resignation link. A note signed by Norris Bramblett, longtime personal aide to Mr. Getty and Treasurer of the J. Paul Getty Museum, reads: Mr. The Victorious Youth, Getty Bronze, also known as Atleta di Fano, or Lisippo di Fano is a Greek bronze sculpture, made between 300 and 100 BC, [1] in the collections of the J. Paul Getty Museum, Pacific Palisades, California. This is because the portraits are relatively realistic and true. and circumstances where there is a treaty or other formal international agreement in effect providing for mutual forfeiture assistance.133 If the Italian forfeiture order were to be enforced, there must first be a final order of a foreign nation, and the so- called dual . View this sample Memo/Letter. or A.D., when Roman collecting of Greek art was at its height. Statue of a Victorious Youth (Greek), 300-100 B.C.E., bronze with inlaid copper, 151.5 x 70 x 27.9 cm (Getty Villa Museum) 7 Similar projects that don't use Wikipedia. Kritios Boy was one of the most influential statues because of the standing style they portrayed in the sculptor. The investigation was dropped for lack of evidence of wrongdoing, mainly because the Italian high court had concluded that there was no evidence that the statue had been found in Italy (or Italian waters) or that it was of Italian origin. The statue of a Victorious Youth was found in international waters by fishermen on an Italian vessel in 1964. In 1966 these four accomplices were formally charged with purchasing and concealing stolen property in violation of Article 67 of Italian law n. 1089 of 1939. In 2006, the Italian Culture Ministry submitted a dossier to the Getty asking for the Getty to surrender the Bronze to the Italian state. . Mateo Lodge is a group home, residential treatment facility-mental health related in Redwood City, CA, which was founded in 1975 and most recently had $3,368,130 in revenue and 40 employees. Not until the 1990s was the next attempt to identify the sculpture and the Getty Museum didn't approve the name. Also, if Italys fundamental position is that an object becomes part of a countrys patrimony by its mere presence in the country, Victorious Youths 40-plus years in Los Angeles presumably give California a superior claim. Set up by the Moro IV Cabinet through a December 14, 1974 decree, n. 657, the newly formed Italys Ministero per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali (defined as per i beni culturali that is for cultural assets) took over the heritage remit and functions previously found under the Ministry of Public Education (specifically its Antiquity and Fine Arts, and Academies division). ), a few miles from the coast, within Italian territorial waters, where the fishing nets were thrown, in known shallow waters. In 1983 the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act (CPIA) became law in the United States, implementing the 1970 UNESCO Convention. By incriminating himself, his estimate could at least be considered reasonably honest. as told in the testimonies given by Romeo Pirani and Guido Ferri in December 1977 to the Italian Carabinieri. The antiquity was acquired in the United Kingdom on August 2, 1977 via an invoice issued by David Carritt Ltd., in its capacity as Agent of tablissement D.C. History of the Statue of the Victorious Youth (The Getty Bronze) December 2018, History of the Statue referred to in Italy as LAtleta di Fano, LAtleta di Lisippo, LAtleta Vittorioso, or for short, often as a point of pride, or affection, il Lisippo.. (yrs 3-4) Nursing. Any claim against the Getty - or anyone elsewould be long since time-barred. The Supreme Court of Cassation has not yet published its explanatory statement of its decision. Startseite > Uncategorized > statue of a victorious youth analysis. o Passage of time defeats any claim by Italy. Original Medium: Bronze with inlaid copper. Museo Vaticani, Braccio Nuovo, Rome. Emancipation: The fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation. In February 2014 Italys highest court elected not to issue any ruling upholding or rejecting the lower courts judgment that the Victorious Youth was illicitly exported from Italy and as such, is subject to seizure. [8] Establishing an exact artist for the work is challenging due to the lack of original Greek bronzes to use for comparison. lost, and valor earned, but there is an arguably more powerful spoil of war that is rarely discussed: the right to write the story. statue of a victorious youth formal analysis. statue of a victorious youth formal analysis 14 Jun. Specialists neutralize the active corrosion by submerging it in a heated solution of sodium sesquicarbonate. The Court of Cassation has not yet released its formal ruling, so we do not yet know on what grounds it reversed its 50-year-old decision that there is no evidence that the statue belongs to Italy. Where it was first discovered, whether in Italian or international waters, is therefore a moot point.. The research and conservation of the Victorious Youth dates from the 1980s to the 1990s, and is based on studies in classical bronzes, and ancient Mediterranean specialists collaboration with the Getty Museum. The statue of a Victorious Youth is among the most popular works at the Los Angeles museum. The core material also included woven linen fibers, another botanical clue (together with the olive crown) pointing toward Olympia, according to Pausanias the only flax-growing region of Greece, as the original context for the statue. California law specifically recognizes that each time stolen property is transferred to a new possessor, a new tort or act of conversion has occurred, and so the statute of limitations begins to run again with each subsequent good or bad faith buyer. Getty said that, subject to obtaining the undisputed title of property and supposing to be able to obtain it, to the satisfaction of Attorney Stuart Peeler, (the lawyer for the Museum), he would recommend to the trustees to purchase the statue . **Tribunale Ordinario di Pesaro, Ufficio del Giudice per le indagini preliminary in funzione di Giudice dellesecuzione, Ordinanza del 12 puo 2009, n.2042/07 R.G.N.R. He holds his left arm down at his side; the elbow is cocked to hold a missing attribute in the partially opened left hand. st vincent's women's and children's center birmingham, al address; hurlburt field down days; vw electric commercial actors; Hello world! Imagine math teacher Patty Forcier, who previ-ously used a cart to trans-port her supplies from room to room, is one of the teachers who now has a permanent classroom in the gym building. vi. Greek architecture stretches from c. 900 B.C.E. The Victorious Youth is a lifesize, bronze nude male figure found in the 1960s in the sea off Fano on Italys Adriatic coast and acquired by the Getty Museum in 1977. I previously worked at Stanford and at UC Davis, and spent 15 years as a journalist. Original Size: 59 5/8 x 27 9/16 x 11 in. Posted on December 1, 2021 by . In turn Gasperini affirmed the order of forfeiture for the statue known as the Victorious Youth, attributable to the Greek sculptor Lysippos, as previously ordered on February 10, 2010. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Installation view of Statue of a Victorious Youth at the Getty Villa, Spring 2018. Pesaro prosecutor Silvia Cecchi told Italian media that the supreme court ruling was the final word from the Italian justice [system] and that the Lysippos statue must be returned. It is important to note that there are Uffici di Esportazione Oggetti dAntichit e dArte in many Italian cities, each with their own directors. The fisherman brought it ashore and sold to Italian buyers. Schuchhardt in Schrader, Akropolis, p. 195, and especially Raubitschek, Hesperia, vm, 1939, p. 156, where the whole subject of such dedications is discussed. In April 2015, Italys Constitutional Court concluded that the Getty had been deprived of its right to a public hearing, and the matter was remanded to the Court of Cassation, which, in turn, remanded the case to the Pesaro court for reconsideration. Similarly, the Getty Research Institute (GRI) has, since 1991, lent 70 prints, drawings, manuscripts, and rare books to exhibitions in Italy. Started under SIGE no. As a specialist reader, I wondered why the idea that the Victorious Youth might have been made to serve as a portrait has been so thoroughly suppressed in this publication, especially because the image on the Bactrian coin is such a dead ringer for the pose and anatomy of the Getty statue. The ancient Greek statue of Victorious Youth, which was made . 42/2004.. Interesting in theory, but realistically solely conjecture as again, the purported location of where the statue was fished has never been fully clarified. Discovered in 1885, it is considered to be a . On November 20, 2006, the Director of the museum, Michael Brand, announced that twenty-six disputed pieces were to be returned to Italy, but not the Victorious Youth, for which the judicial procedure was still pending at the time. Cult Statue of a Goddess, perhaps Aphrodite 88.AA.76, Two Griffins Attacking a Fallen Doe 85.AA.106, Attic Red-Figured Neck Amphora 84.AE.63, Fragment of a fresco: lunette with mask of Hercules 96.AG.171, Apulian Red-Figured Loutrophorus 84.AE.996, Apulian Pelike with Arms of Achilles 86.AE.611, Attic Red-Figured Calyx Krater 88.AE.66, Attic Red-Figured Phiale Fragments by Douris 81.AE.213, Attic Red-Figured Amphora with Lid 79.AE.139, Apulian Red-Figured Volute Krater 85.AE.102, Attic Red-Figured Calyx Krater 92.AE.6 and 96.AE.335, Attic Red-Figured Mask Kantharos 85.AE.263, Etruscan Red-Figured Plastic Duck Askos 83.AE.203, Group of Attic Red-Figured Calyx Krater Fragments (Berlin Painter, Kleophrades Painter) 77.AE.5, Apulian Red-Figured Bell Krater 96.AE.29, Attic Black-Figured Amphora (Painter of Berlin 1686) 96.AE.92, Antefix in the Form of a Maenad and Silenos Dancing 96.AD.33, Bronze Mirror with Relief-Decorated Cover 96.AC.132, Attic Red-Figured Bell Krater 81.AE.149, Apulian Red-Figured Volute Krater 77.AE.14, Attic Red-Figured Calyx Krater (Birds) 82.AE.83, Group of three Fragmentary Corinthian Olpai 81.AE.197, Apulian Red-Figured Volute Krater 77.AE.13. Some readers may simply not understand how consensus was reached on either identity or chronology without further clarification in the text. Slow heating allowed the wax to melt and fired the center and mold into a stable position. It is the same subject as his earlier marble statue of the same scene from 1408-9, however it displays a very different David than the well dressed victorious king. At the time of the visit, the lawyer refused to deliver any photographic imagery, detailing the bronze. This color choice may have interacted with the golden yellow of the bronze surface. The dossier acknowledged that the Italian state had no valid claim to the Bronze, but instead requested that the Getty surrender the Bronze in the spirit of collaboration between the Ministry and the Getty. Which event the youth won is unknown by athletic figures of this type were a common theme in Greek art. Bir baka sitesi. signed a formal joint agreement to return a total of 40 antiquities plundered from Italian territory. Our priority is to continue our productive and long-standing collaborations with our many Italian colleagues and the Cultural Ministry. On November 25, 1977, the Embassy of Italy in London contacted officials in Italy and relayed that the director of the London gallery Artemis had specified that the lawyers Graziadei and Manca (lawyers of Artemis) had obtained a regular bronze export license for the objects transfer. Merli reported to the Italian authorities that he had been told this distance directly by both Romeo Pirani and Guido Ferri, when approached about purchasing the statue in 1964. Over the last 10 years or so, the Italian Culture Ministry has waged a legal fight to force the Getty to send the statue to Italy. In 1805, Chaudet produced a marble statue of the Emperor Napoleon in antique dress (St Petersburg, Hermitage) and a bronze statue of him holding a winged Victory that was installed on top of the . As part of these collaborations, the Getty undertook the conservation of five highly significant works of ancient art and a collection of 37 votive offerings, all belonging to Italian museums. *Tribunale Ordinario di Pesaro, Criminal Section, Ufficio del Giudice per le indagini preliminary in funzione di Giudice dellesecuzione, Ordinanza del 12 puo 2009, n.2042/07 R.G.N.R. Judge Gasparini listens to Gettycouncils final argument in open courtPesaro court house, 05 Feb 2018Image Credit: ARCA. Greek architecture influenced Roman architecture and architects in profound ways, such that Roman Imperial architecture adopts and incorporates many Greek elements into its own practice. The purchase price was $3.95 million. There is a possibility of silver on the olive crown and more color to enhance the cheeks. The Getty Museum legally purchased the Bronze in 1977 in the United Kingdom, after extensive review of the relevant facts and law over the course of many years, including: The statue was legally exported from the United Kingdom, where the 1977 purchase took place, and legally imported into the United States, where it went on view at the Getty Museum in 1978. , is it known if these distances were made utilizing instrumental or mathematical calculation. Today Italy's Corte di Cassazione will hear the Getty's appeal in the dispute over this "Bronze Statue of a Victorious Youth". Squashing the decision made by the Court of Pesaro on May 5, 2012, the Terzo sezione penale della Suprema Corte (Third Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court) on June 4, 2014 remanded the case back to the Tribunal in Pesaro for a new opposition procedure, granting the Gettys request for the case to be heard in open court. Creator: Unknown. statue of a victorious youth formal analysis. Date: 300 - 100 B.C. statue of a victorious youth formal analysis. Dismissed by the Lower Court in 2007, the decision was appealed by the Public Prosecutor with the support of Italys Avvocatura dello Stato, and on 12 June 2009 the new magistrate Lorena Mussoni, preliminary investigation judge at the Tribunal of Pesaro ordered the forfeiture of the statue on the basis of the fact that the object had been exported out of the Italian territory in contravention of Italian laws. The entire sculpture was cast in one piece; this casting technique is called the lost wax method. This would be a critical piece of evidence, necessary for the authorities in both countries to compare and ascertain whether the plundered antiquity from the Adriatic was the same as the restored bronze now in Herzers possession. Dubbi su 250 opere, Rutelli-Getty, secondo round - Non esponete opere rubate. There was a shift from the squareness in the face and innovative applications of elongation in the details of face and body. There is, though, a notable exception: the J. Paul Getty Museum's 1977 purchase of "Statue of a Victorious Youth," a Greek statue known as the Getty Bronze that Italy is claiming as its own. Statements given by Pirani, Ferri and a deckhand aboard the vessel, referring to the approximate location where the statue was found, have at times been inconsistent. The striking statue is of a naked youth, standing with his weight on his right leg, crowning himself with a wreath, probably olive. o International law imposes no obligation to return the object. As a result of that lead, Italian law enforcement officers opened an investigation in May 1965 which focused on Giacomo Barbetti, his two relatives, Fabio and Pietro, and the priest from Gubbio, Giovanni Nagni.
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